CHAPTER ONE
|
||||||||||
Introduction
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-1
|
|
1.1
|
Prevalence of
erectile Dysfunction in women-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-2
|
|||||
1.2
|
Prevalence of erectile
Dysfunction in men--
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-3
|
|||||
1.3
|
Objective study and aims -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-4
|
||
1.4
|
Nitric oxide-cyclic GMP
pathways with some emphasis on
|
|||||||||
cavernosal
contractility - -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-4
|
|||
1.5
|
Synthesis of Nitric oxide
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-6
|
||
1.6
|
Inactivation
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-10
|
1.7
|
The nitric
oxide Receptor: soluble guanylate cyclase
|
-
|
-
|
-10
|
||||||
1.8
|
Intracellular
cyclic GMP receptor proteins
|
-
|
-
|
-12
|
||||||
CHAPTER TWO
|
||||||||||
Literature
review
|
||||||||||
2.1
Normal pennies Anatomy
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-17
|
|||
2.2
How election occurs in males
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-18
|
||||
2.3 How
election sustained
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-18
|
|||
2.4
Causes of ED in males
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-18
|
|||
2.5 Physical causes ED in males
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-19
|
||||
2.6
Psychological causes of ED in males
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-23
|
|||||
2.7
Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-24
|
||||
2.8
Literature review on female erectile dysfunction
|
-
|
-
|
-27
|
|||||||
2.9
Normal anatomy of the female external Gentialia
|
-
|
-
|
-27
|
|||||||
2.10 Causes of ED in females -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-28
|
|||||
2.11 Psychological causes of ED in females
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-31
|
||||||
2.12 Mechanisms of action burantashi
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-32
|
|||||
2.13 Taxonomy
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-35
|
|
2.14
|
Cholesterol
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-36
|
2.15
|
Dietary source and effect of
diet in cholesterol
|
-
|
-
|
-38
|
||||||
2.16
|
Functions‟ of cholesterol in
body
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-40
|
||||
2.17
|
Lipoprotein metabolism
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-41
|
||
2.18
|
Reaction catalyzed by LCAT
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-42
|
|||
2.19
|
Very-low density lipoprotein
(VLDL) -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-45
|
|||||
2.20
|
Metabolism of VLDL
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-45
|
||
2.21
|
Low density lipoproteins -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-45
|
|||
2.22
|
Function of LDL
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-47
|
|
2.23
|
High density lipoprotein
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-47
|
||
2.24
|
Clinical
significant
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-48
|
||
2.25
|
Role of alpha
adrenergic receptors in erectile function
|
-
|
-49
|
|||||||
2.26
|
Role
of alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors in human penile
|
|||||||||
erectile
function
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-51
|
|
2.27
Classification of alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human corpus cavernosum
- - - - - - - - -52
2.28
Idenification of alpha 1 adrenergic reception subtypes in human corpus
cavernosum -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-53
|
2.29
Identification and characterisation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
|
||||||||
substypes in penile corpus
cavernosum
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-54
|
|||
2.30 Functional (psysiological) studies of alpha and alpha-2 adrenergic
|
||||||||
receptor in erectile tissue.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-55
|
|
2.31 Molecular
mechanism of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in erectile tissue
corpus cavernosum -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-56
|
2.32 Molecular
mechanism of action of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in
|
|||||||
erectile tissue corpus
cavernosum
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-57
|
||
2.33
Blockade of alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptor activity by
|
|||||||
selective and
non-selective alpha 1 an 2 receptor antagonises
|
-59
|
||||||
2.34
Alpha 1 and alpha 2 selective antagonists
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-60
|
|||
2.35
Alpha 1 selective antagonists
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-61
|
|
2.36
Alpha 2 selective antagonists
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-62
|
|
2.37
Physiological (Functional) antagonism of alpha and alpha 2 adrenergic
receptors
activity by vasodilators: the balance between
|
contraction
|
|||||||
and
Relaxtion -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-63
|
CHAPTER THREE
|
|||||||||||
Material and
methods
|
|||||||||||
3.1 materials
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-68
|
||
3.2 extract
yield of ethanol extract and aqueous extract
|
-
|
-
|
-75
|
||||||||
3.3
Phytochemical properties of extract
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-79
|
||||||
3.4 Effect of
extracts on serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase
|
(SGOT)
|
||||||||||
activity
of Wistar rats -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
------
|
-81
|
||||
3.5 Effect of
extract on serum glutamate pyrurate transaminase (SGPT)
|
|||||||||||
activity
of Wistar rats -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
--
|
82
|
|||
3.6 Effect of
|
extracts
on alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity of wistar rats
|
||||||||||
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
83
|
|
3.7 Effect of
extracts on plasma glutamate transferase activity (IULV) of
wistar rats.
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-83
|
CHAPTER FOUR
|
|||||||||
4.1. Yield of
the extracts -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-82
|
||
4.2.
Phytochemical data -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-82
|
||
4.2.
Effect of extracts on cholesterol level of rats
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-83
|
|||||
4.3.
Effect of extracts on LDL level of rats
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-84
|
||||
4.4. Effects
of extracts on HDL of rats
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-85
|
||||
4.4. Effects
of extracts on Triacylglycerol on diabetic rats
|
-
|
-86
|
|||||||
CHAPTER
FIVE
|
|||||||||
5.1Discussion
and conclusion
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-87
|
||
References -
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-88
|
No comments:
Post a Comment